8.2 Big Bang Cosmology: Restating the Single-Origin Story and Testing It

Trang chủ ／ Chương 8: Các lý thuyết hệ hình mà Lý thuyết Sợi Năng lượng sẽ thách thức

Three-Step Aim

• Explain why the “hot Big Bang timeline” dominated for decades: it ties redshift, the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), light elements, and structure growth into a smooth narrative.
• Name the four “theoretical pillars” and where precision-era data began to strain that story.
• Offer a unified restatement: use one medium–tensor mechanism, grounded in Statistical Tensor Gravity (STG), Tensor Background Noise (TBN), and a continuous supply from Generalized Unstable Particles (GUP), to explain the same observations end to end—so that a single, one-off “Big Bang” is no longer the only or necessary origin narrative.
  (From here on, to aid general readers, we write out full terms after the first mention: “Statistical Tensor Gravity (STG),” “Tensor Background Noise (TBN),” and “Generalized Unstable Particles (GUP).” Thereafter we use only the full terms without abbreviations.)

I. What the Current Paradigm Says (Mainstream Portrait)

Core Claims

• The universe began extremely hot and dense, then cooled while “expanding.”
• In the first minutes, light elements such as helium, deuterium, and trace lithium formed.
• After plasma decoupled from photons, a 2.7 K afterglow—the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)—remained, with fine structure that records initial fluctuations.
• Tiny fluctuations were amplified by gravity into the cosmic web and galaxies.

Why the Story Persuades

• A smooth timeline: redshift → Cosmic Microwave Background → light elements → structure growth align in sequence.
• Computationally lean and easy to communicate: few parameters, vivid imagery (“a single Big Bang”).
• Four pillars: cosmic redshift, the Cosmic Microwave Background, light-element abundances, and large-scale structure.

II. The Four “Pillars”: Mainstream → Tensions → EFT Restatement (Block by Block)

A. Cosmic Redshift (Hubble–Lemaître Relation)

1. Mainstream View
   Greater distance means greater redshift, read as global stretching of space that lengthens light’s wavelength.
2. Where It Strains
   • Near–far tension: local measurements (distance ladders, standard candles) and far-field inferences (from the Cosmic Microwave Background) disagree on the expansion rate.
   • Directional and environmental fingerprints: high-precision residuals show orientation and environment dependencies that are hard to dismiss as mere systematics.
   • Path accounting: integrating line-of-sight effects through clusters, voids, and filaments lacks a single, consistent bookkeeping.
3. EFT Restatement (Mechanism in Brief)
   • Two contributions enter the same ledger:
     a) Tensor-potential redshift—source and observer sit in different tensor potentials, so their clock baselines differ, yielding achromatic shifts;
     b) Evolutionary path redshift—light crossing evolving tensor topography experiences asymmetric entry/exit, accumulating additional achromatic shifts.
   • Near–far tension relaxes: numerical gaps reflect different samplings of tensor evolution histories and path ensembles, not a defect that must be “flattened.”
   • Residuals become a map: small direction/environment-linked deviations trace the contour lines of the tensor landscape.
4. Testable Points
   • Achromaticity: along the same sightline, different bands shift together; significant chromatic drift would falsify this.
   • Orientation coherence: supernova distance residuals, BAO ruler micro-offsets, and weak-lensing convergence prefer similar directions.
   • Environment tracking: sightlines through denser filament–node regions show systematically higher redshift residuals than void directions.

B. Cosmic Microwave Background

1. Mainstream View
   The Cosmic Microwave Background is the thermal afterglow of a hot early phase, cooling to decoupling; its multipole spectrum and E/B polarization encode “initial fluctuations plus late-time tweaks.”
2. Where It Strains
   • Large-angle “imperfections”: low-ℓ alignments, hemispherical power asymmetry, and the cold spot collectively exceed what pure chance comfortably explains.
   • Lens strength preference: data often lean toward slightly stronger late-time lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background than baseline expectations.
   • Primordial gravitational waves remain elusive: signals expected by the simplest early-universe stories have not appeared, hinting at a milder or more complex early phase.
3. EFT Restatement (Mechanism in Brief)
   • Background from noise: during a tightly coupled early era, the tensor background noise supplied by generalized unstable particles (via vast broadband disturbances returned to the medium) is rapidly thermalized to an almost perfect blackbody, setting the 2.7 K baseline.
   • Beats on the drumhead: compression–rebound cycles in the strong-coupling phase inscribe acoustic “beats”; decoupling snapshots these into peak–trough structure and the main E-mode pattern.
   • Lenses and frosting along the path: later, statistical tensor gravity lenses E into B and rounds off small scales, while residual weak tensor background noise gently softens edges.
   • An alternative to inflation’s “hard pull”: in an early high-tensor, gently declining stage, the medium’s effective propagation limit is raised. Combined with block-wise re-painting of the network, this quickly smooths large-scale temperature differences and establishes long-range phase coherence—without positing a separate, externally imposed geometric stretch.
   • Large-angle leftovers explained: hemispherical asymmetry, low-ℓ alignments, and the cold spot arise as joint fingerprints of ultra-large-scale tensor textures plus evolutionary path redshift—not mere systematics.
4. Testable Points
   • E/B–convergence correlation: B-modes correlate more strongly with convergence at smaller scales; cross-check with weak-lensing statistics.
   • Achromatic path imprints: broad temperature offsets that co-move across Cosmic Microwave Background frequency bands indicate path evolution rather than colored foregrounds.
   • Lens-strength consistency: fit Cosmic Microwave Background lensing and galaxy weak lensing with the same tensor-potential map; residuals shrink in tandem on both datasets.

C. Light-Element Abundances (Deuterium, Helium, Lithium)

1. Mainstream View
   “Big Bang nucleosynthesis” sets deuterium/helium/lithium in the first minutes; deuterium and helium largely agree with predictions, lithium runs high.
2. Where It Strains
   The lithium problem: selectively lowering lithium without spoiling deuterium/helium is hard. Surface depletion, nuclear-rate revisions, or new-particle injections each exact a tradeoff.
3. EFT Restatement (Mechanism in Brief)
   • Tensor-set windows (high-tensor gentle decline): the “on/off” windows for reactions are set by the smooth decline of tensor level. Without disturbing the main thermal history, this slightly shifts the effective timing from the deuterium bottleneck to beryllium/lithium formation.
   • Protect two, adjust one: deuterium/helium remain intact while window edges and flux undergo mild tuning that naturally lowers lithium.
   • A tiny, allowed nudge: if an ultra-weak, brief, and selective injection of neutrons or soft photons exists (as statistical after-effects of generalized unstable particles), its amplitude remains within Cosmic Microwave Background μ-distortion and deuterium/helium tolerances, preferentially reducing beryllium/lithium without breaking the overall success.
4. Testable Points
   • A weak orientation on the “plateau”: in extremely metal-poor stars, small systematic deviations of the lithium plateau weakly correlate with the tensor map.
   • Linked shifts: the tensor-set windows nudge Cosmic Microwave Background micro-parameters and baryon sound speed in directions consistent with the lithium correction.

D. Large-Scale Structure (Cosmic Web and Galaxy Growth)

1. Mainstream View
   Initial ripples grow on a dark-matter scaffold; baryons fall in, building filaments–walls–nodes–voids.
2. Where It Strains
   • Small-scale crises: satellite counts, inner density profiles, and ultra-compact dwarfs often require heavy “feedback” patching.
   • Too early, too massive: very ancient samples include objects that look overly mature or dense.
   • Dynamics “too tidy”: rotation curves show unusually tight links between visible mass and extra pull.
3. EFT Restatement (Mechanism in Brief)
   • Statistical tensor gravity as the “extra pull”: additional attraction arises from the energy sea’s statistical tensor response to density contrasts—no undiscovered particle family required. On small scales it softens potential wells and cores centers, easing cusp–core and “too-big-to-fail” tensions.
   • Early efficient routing (high-tensor gentle decline): heightened early effective propagation limits and stronger routing accelerate transport and mergers. Combined with the additional pull, dense systems form early without extreme feedback.
   • High-k cut and fragile subhalos: the tensor coherence scale suppresses high-wavenumber power, reducing low-mass subhalos from the outset; after core formation, shallower binding makes subhalos more tide-prone, naturally yielding fewer bright satellites.
   • “Tidiness” as structure, not coincidence: a unified tensor core maps visible matter into extra pull; outer-disk flattening, the radial-acceleration relation, and the baryonic Tully–Fisher tightness arise from the same external-field mapping.
4. Testable Points
   • One core, many uses: fit rotation curves and weak-lensing convergence with a single unified tensor core; residuals vary with environment in a systematic way.
   • Residuals agree in space: velocity-field and lensing-map residuals align spatially, pointing to the same external-field direction.
   • Early build rate: the prevalence of compact high-redshift galaxies matches the amplitude and duration of the high-tensor gentle decline.

III. Unified Restatement (Set the Four Blocks Back on One Baseplate)

• Origin is not “an explosion at a point” but a high-tensor gentle-decline era after a universal unlock: once global closure lifts, the universe enters a period of sustained high tensor level that declines slowly.
• Why smoothness came fast: the high-tensor background raises the effective propagation limit; with block-wise re-painting, wide-area isothermality and phase coherence emerge quickly, addressing the horizon and uniformity puzzles.
• Why texture remained: during the decline, tensor background noise provides broadband perturbations; selective filtering by the tensor landscape freezes a few coherence scales as initial texture, later repurposed by statistical tensor gravity as a guidance map for growth.
• Why early maturity looks “rule-bound”: statistical tensor gravity supplies a smooth uplift, while a unified tensor core maps visible distributions into a regular “extra pull” scale; early high propagation limits speed densification and transport.
• One map, many fits: the same tensor-potential base map simultaneously reduces residuals in redshift, Cosmic Microwave Background lensing, weak-lensing fields, and rotation curves—replacing many patches with one substrate.

IV. Cross-Probe Tests (Turn Promises into a Checklist)

• Orientation alignment: micro-biases in redshift residuals, large-angle Cosmic Microwave Background features, weak-lensing convergence, and strong-lens time delays point toward a common preferred direction.
• Achromatic constraints: evolutionary path redshift and tensor-potential redshift shift different bands together; strong chromaticity would falsify this.
• One map for multiple datasets: the same tensor-potential base map lowers residuals in both Cosmic Microwave Background lensing and galaxy weak lensing; if you must tune a separate map for each, the model fails.
• Early “fast-track”: the frequency of compact, high-redshift structures matches the amplitude and duration of the high-tensor gentle decline.
• B–κ correlation strengthens at small scales: the correlation of B-modes with convergence grows toward smaller scales, consistent with the “wrinkling power” of statistical tensor gravity.

V. Brief Clarifications to Common Questions

• Does this deny a “hot early phase”? No. We replace an explosion point with a describable high-tensor gentle-decline stage; high temperatures arise from re-depositing stored tension.
• Does it break existing successes? No. The deuterium/helium match and the main body of the Cosmic Microwave Background remain intact; lithium discrepancies and large-angle anomalies gain a physical home.
• Is “everything just environment”? No. Only repeatable direction/environment patterns count as evidence; all else remains under standard systematic controls.
• Is the universe “expanding”? Observationally, “farther means redder” is a fact. Here it results from the joint action of tensor-potential redshift and evolutionary path redshift, without requiring global metric stretching as the sole explanation.

VI. Closing Synthesis

• Four pillars, one base: the leading observations—cosmic redshift, the Cosmic Microwave Background, light elements, and structure growth—can rest on the physical base of an energy sea shaped by a tensor landscape.
• A single-origin blast is no longer unique or necessary: once one medium–tensor mechanism addresses each pillar’s anomalies and tensions together, a one-time “Big Bang” ceases to be a required starting point.
• Methodological gain: fewer postulates and higher transferability let disparate datasets “tile the same picture” rather than “speak past one another,” putting testability over slogans.

In short, the filament-sea picture reframes cosmology’s four pillars as one shared tensor-potential map: the baseline blackbody set by tensor background noise, the acoustic timing fixed during tight coupling, the paths sculpted by statistical tensor gravity, and the redshift produced by potential differences plus evolutionary routes. What remains is to verify each item on the checklist, one by one.